Campbell biology summary by Rucete
[01] Molecule and Cell
Chapter 01 Tiny molecule
1. Words of Element, Atom, molecule
- Element: A substance that can no longer be divided in a chemical way.(Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon and Hydrogen - Six elements account for 90 percent of life [SPONCH].)
--> Element of vital importance
Sulfur - Most protein components
Phosphorus - Need to move energy around body
Oxygen - Breathe and Components of organism
Nitrogen - Components of protein
Carbon - Organic composition
Hydrogen - Composition of water and organism
Calcium - Bone components, acting on muscular contraction
Chlorine - Photosynthesis and digestion
Potassium (Kalium) - Nerve excitation
Sodium (Natrium) - Ionic balance and Neural conduction
Copper (Cuprum) - Oxygen Transport pigmentation of Shellfish Blood
Fluorine - Enabelle component of teeth
- Atom : Smallest things in the universe and could not be divided.
- Molecule : A unit of two or more atoms combined.
- Compound : a pure molecular state of matter consisting of two or more elements combined.
(1) Atomic structure
Atom : Atomic nucleus (neutron, proton, electron → takes up most of the atomic mass.
Atomic = Neutron Count + Proton Number (Unit of Atomic = Dalton)
Molecular weight: the sum of the atoms that make up the molecule.
Number of protons = Number of electrons
(2) Neutron, isotope
Isotopes: Elements with different neutrons