Carbohydrates ✏ Biology In a Nutshell

byRUCETE -July 07, 2022

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Rucete ✏ Biology In a Nutshell

Carbohydrates In a Nutshell

It is a molecule that stores energy in a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

① It is made up of single sugar molecules.

② Glucose(C₆H₁₂O₆) Fructose(C₆H₁₂O₆) Galactose(C₆H₁₂O₆) : Although they are all monosaccharides, the positions of carbon atoms are different.

① It is composed of two sugar molecules linked together by a glycosidic linkage.

② Glucose + Frutose = Sucrose [Common sugar powder]

③ Glucose + galactose = lactose [The sugar in the milk]

④ Glucose + glucose = maltose

① Long chain sugars

② Starch : It is a polymer of α-glucose molecules in plant cells that stores energy.

③ Glycogen : it is polymer of α-glucose molecules in animal cells that stores energy.

④ Cellulose : it is polymer of β-glucose molecules and structural molecule in plant.

⑤ Chitin : it is polymer and similar to cellulose, structural molecule in fungus insects, other arthropods, and mollusks.