Rucete ✏ Chemistry In a Nutshell
Group 5 Atoms Summary
General Characteristics
- Elements: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Bismuth (Bi)
- Electron Configuration: ns²np³
- Metallic Character:
- Nonmetals: N, P
- Metalloids: As, Sb
- Metal: Bi
Element Breakdown
Nitrogen (N)
- Nonmetal
- Reactivity with Oxygen: Forms various oxides:
- NO (Nitric Oxide)
- N₂O (Nitrous Oxide)
- NO₂ (Nitrogen Dioxide)
- N₂O₄ (Dinitrogen Tetroxide)
- N₂O₅ (Dinitrogen Pentoxide)
- Forms the Nitride Ion (N³⁻) by gaining three electrons.
Phosphorus (P)
- Nonmetal
- Exists as P₄ (Tetrahedral Allotrope).
- Reactivity with Oxygen:
- Forms P₄O₆ or P₄O₁₀.
- P₄O₁₀ reacts with water to form Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄).
Arsenic (As) & Antimony (Sb)
- Metalloids
- Exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic behavior.
Bismuth (Bi)
- Metal
- Least reactive among Group 5A elements.
Key Trends & Properties
Metallic Character Increases Down the Group:
- N, P → Nonmetals
- As, Sb → Metalloids
- Bi → Metal
Oxidation States:
- Commonly -3, +3, +5.
- Nitrogen prefers -3 (forms N³⁻).
- Bismuth prefers +3 due to the inert pair effect.
Reactivity with Oxygen:
- Nitrogen forms multiple oxides.
- Phosphorus forms P₄O₆ and P₄O₁₀, which leads to phosphoric acid.
In a nutshell
- N, P → Nonmetals
- As, Sb → Metalloids
- Bi → Metal
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Chemistry in a nutshell