Rucete ✏ Chemistry In a Nutshell
1. Metallic Character and Oxide Properties
- Metallic character decreases from left to right across a period.
- As metallic character decreases, oxide properties shift from basic → amphoteric → acidic.
2. Types of Oxides
(a) Metallic Oxides (Basic Oxides)
- Typically formed by metals.
- Basic in nature (react with acids to form salts and water).
- Example:
- Na₂O + H₂O → 2NaOH (Sodium Oxide forms a base).
(b) Amphoteric Oxides
- Formed by some transition metals and metalloids.
- Can react with both acids and bases.
- Example:
- Al₂O₃ + HCl → AlCl₃ + H₂O (acts as a base).
- Al₂O₃ + NaOH + H₂O → NaAl(OH)₄ (acts as an acid).
(c) Nonmetallic Oxides (Acidic Oxides)
- Formed by nonmetals.
- Acidic in nature (react with water to form acids).
- Example:
- CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ (Carbon Dioxide forms Carbonic Acid).
3. Periodic Trends in Oxide Properties
- Basicity → Acidity across a period (Left to Right).
- Metal oxides (Basic) → Amphoteric oxides → Nonmetal oxides (Acidic).
- Down a group, oxides become more basic.
- Due to increasing metallic character.
In a nutshell
"Metals are Basic, Nonmetals are Acidic!"
- Metal oxides → Basic (Na₂O, CaO)
- Nonmetal oxides → Acidic (CO₂, SO₃)
- Transition metals → Amphoteric (ZnO, Al₂O₃)
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Chemistry in a nutshell