Solution ✏ Chemistry In a Nutshell

 Rucete ✏ Chemistry In a Nutshell

1. What is a Solution?

• A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
• Consists of:
• Solvent: The substance that dissolves the solute (e.g., water).
• Solute: The substance that gets dissolved (e.g., salt in water).

2. Types of Solutions

1. Saturated Solution

   • Contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

2. Unsaturated Solution

   • Contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve.

3. Supersaturated Solution

• Contains more solute than normally possible at a given temperature.
• Unstable – excess solute can precipitate out.

3. Fractional Distillation

• A method to separate liquid mixtures based on boiling points.

• Process:

  1. Heat the mixture.
  2. The liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates first.
  3. The vapor is collected and condensed back into a liquid.
  4. The process continues, separating each component.

• Common Uses:

• Separating alcohol and water.
• Refining petroleum into gasoline, diesel, and other fuels.

In a nutshell

"Saturated Stops, Unsaturated Can, Supersaturated Overflows!"

• Saturated = No more solute dissolves.
• Unsaturated = More solute can dissolve.
• Supersaturated = Too much solute, can crystallize!